Another Virus on the Rise? India Detects Two HMPV Cases as Surge in China Under Scrutiny

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has detected two cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Karnataka, said the ministry of health and family welfare today. Both cases are identified through routine surveillance for multiple respiratory viral pathogens, as part of ICMR's ongoing efforts to monitor respiratory illnesses across the country.

Emphasising that HMPV is already in circulation globally, including in India, the ministry clarified based on current data from ICMR and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) network that there has been no unusual surge in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases in the country.

A 3-month-old female infant was diagnosed with HMPV after being admitted to Baptist Hospital, Bengaluru with a history of bronchopneumonia. She has been discharged.

In the same hospital, an 8-month-old male infant tested positive for HMPV on January 3, 2025 also with a history of bronchopneumonia. He is now recovering.

"It is important to note that neither of the affected patients have any history of international travel," said the ministry in a statement.

"The recent preparedness drill conducted across the country has shown that India is well-equipped to handle any potential increase in respiratory illnesses and public health interventions can be deployed promptly if needed," it added.

Symptoms of HMPV

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild to moderate flu-like symptoms. It is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces mostly during the winter and early spring months.

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Common symptoms of the virus include cough, fever, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, and sore throat. They usually prevail within three to six days after the virus exposure.

In severe cases, the virus can lead to complications like bronchitis or pneumonia. Currently, there is no vaccine against HMPV.

Cases of HMPV

HMPV outbreak was first reported in China as its respiratory illnesses saw a spike by the end of December last year.

According to local authorities, the cases of HMPV are rising in northern China, particularly among children. However, China rejected the online claims of overwhelmed hospitals and fears of another Covid-like pandemic.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said that respiratory infections tend to peak during the winter season. The country’s centre for disease control (CDC) suggested its people to take precautions with health and hygiene.

According to Hong Kong Free Press, cases in Hong Kong have not risen like China. Meanwhile, a national flu and covid-19 surveillance report by the UK on 3 January stated that HMPV cases have increased slightly to 4.5 per cent during 23-29 December.

The World Health Organisation has not made any comments about the virus or the China situation.