India’s imports of Russian crude halved in November to 948,000 bpd so far, down 50% from last month, as sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil near implementation.
China and Turkey have also sharply cut purchases, with Russian crude exports to China down 39% and to Turkey down 59%.
Upcoming US secondary sanctions have pushed buyers to pull back, while Russia increasingly relies on shadow-fleet tankers and opaque shipping channels to move crude.
